The remote demonstrative evkei/noj is normally translated into English as "that" for the singular and "those" for the plural. Its form is easily mastered, as it is declined exactly like auvto,j.

The near demonstrative is ou-toj( au[th( tou/to is normally translated as "this" for the singular and "these" for the plural. Its formation is slightly more complicated, but still quite easily learned once one understands a few simple morphological patterns (see the declension below):

(1) The suffixes used in its formation are identical to those used in auvto,j.
(2) Like the definite article, the masculine and feminine nominative forms begin with diphthongs that are aspirated (i.e., have the rough breathing), and all other forms begin with a t.
(3) The unique aspect of its formation is that the diphthong in its initial syllable will change in accordance with the phonetic value of the case-number suffix. If the suffix contains an "o" class vowel or diphthong (o( ou( oi( w|( wn() then the diphthong in the initial syllable will be ou. If the suffix contains an "a" class vowel or diphthong (a( ai( h( h|) then the diphthong in the initial syllable will be au.

One way to learn the declension of the near demonstrative is to write out from memory the masculine second declension endings, the feminine first declension endings of the fwnh, type, and the neuter second declension endings; then prefix a t to each of them, along with a preceding ou or au and rough breathing or initial t according to the patterns detailed above. After you write this out several times, the pattern will begin to look perfectly natural to you.