AORIST MIDDLE INDICATIVE

Translating the Aorist Middle Indicative

The aorist middle indicative evlusa,mhn may be translated:

(1) "I loosed myself" (reflexive middle);
(2) "I loosed for myself" (intensive middle);
(3) "I myself loosed" (intensive middle).

These kinds of translations will obtain for both the first and second aorist middle indicative forms.

Recall that the difference between the imperfect and aorist is that the former expresses imperfective aspect, while the latter expresses aoristic aspect.

IMPORTANT: Both the first and second aorist tenses have separate sets of endings for the middle voice and the passive voice, whereas the imperfect tense (as we have seen) has one set of suffixes for both the middle and passive.

In this module we will learn the first and second aorist middle indicative suffixes. In the next module we will learn the first and second passive indicative suffixes.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

First Aorist Middle Indicative Inflection

Before looking at the first aorist middle/passive indicative inflection, we should note that the second aorist middle/passive indicative inflection (cf. Black, Learn §95) will be identical to that of the imperfect, with the exception that the second aorist has its own unique stem, instead of being built upon the present tense stem (as the imperfect tense is).

The first aorist middle/passive indicative is made up of at least four morph slots: (1) the past morph, in this instance the epsilon augment; (2) the lexal morph; (3) the aspect morph sa; and (4) the suffix, which is derived from the secondary middle suffixes. (see Black, Learn §94).

Observe the morph slots that constitute the following first aorist middle/passive indicative forms of  lu,w:

first aorist
middle indicative
(1)
past
(2)
lexal
(3)
aspect
(4)
suffix
1 sg ev lu sa mhn
2 sg ev lu   sw
3 sg ev lu sa to
1 pl ev lu sa meqa
2 pl ev lu sa sqe
3 pl ev lu sa nto

Again, there is an irregularity in the 2 sg. When the aspect morpheme sa is joined to the secondary middle suffix -so, the second intervocalic sigma in saso elides, and the remaining a and o contract to become w. The result: -sw.

First Aorist Middle Indicative Endings

The first aorist middle indicative endings:

1 Aorist Middle Indicative Suffixes
  Singular Plural
1 -samhn -sameqa
2 -sw -sasqe
3 -sato -santo

Because all of the endings in this module are derived from the secondary middle suffixes (cf. Black, Learn §94), you will notice a great many resemblances among them. This should make your work easier.

Up ] Imperfect Middle/Passive Indicative ] [ Aorist Middle Indicative ]